UHC Forward: Towards Universal Health Coverage

The Mutuelle system is still voluntary, and thus steps must be taken to bring about large-scale enrollment of the people. Thus, the “national strategy to extend health coverage through Mutuelles” contains solutions for the slow pace at which Mutuelles grew in the past, for the poor capacities of the players involved in promoting the Mutuelle movement, the management of Mutuelle movement organizations, and the lack of information and awareness about the Mutuelle movement on the national level. It was found that the principal actors were not enlisted sufficiently at the local level in the past. Health care workers, the ASACOs, and the territorial governments were only marginally involved in promoting the Mutuelle movement. By organizing Mutuelles at the commune level, the strategy seeks to have the mayors and local elected officials play an active role in mobilizing the population. The main challenge in promoting the Mutuelle movement for large-scale enrollment thus continues to be implementing a major information and awareness campaign for Mutuelles at the national scale. This is part of the national strategy and advocacy activities that also include local and national leaders .

Since the AMO is mandatory, beneficiaries are enrolled automatically by withdrawing dues from their wages. Benefit eligibility begins on May 1, 2011 for those who have paid dues for six months.

With regard to identifying the indigent for RAMED, the social services in each commune routinely conduct a social survey to assess the situation after interested parties submit an application. The social services or other persons may also prepare an application on behalf of someone else who has not taken the initiative to do so for several reasons. Based on the social survey, the communal authorities issue an indigent card that serves as physical evidence to enroll the member and to obtain the card from the National Medical Assistance Agency (ANAM – the management agency for RAMED) and to obtain care (including the beneficiaries whose applications are submitted to ANAM staff). The status of indigence is always considered temporary, so that the insured member’s card is annual.

To be a member of the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF), one must simply be a Kenyan resident age 18 or older. NHIF covers certain dependents of the primary policy holder automatically, including spouses, children under the age of 18, students (even if over the age of 18), and disabled dependents. Other adult family members require separate premium contributions to be covered. NHIF is responsible for enrolling and registering all eligible members from the formal and informal sectors.

Total membership in NHIF rose from about 206,000 in 1998 to 1,372,000 in 2006. By 2011 about 2.7 million people were insured by NHIF, 2.1 million of which are employed in the formal sector. Approximately 88% of the people with insurance in Kenya are insured by the NHIF. However, currently only about 25% of the poor have medical coverage. Recently, NHIF has embarked on a program to work with community-based organizations to expand informal sector membership.